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The gastrointestinal, urinary and reproductive systems are the key systems located in the abdominal region. It is important that nurses are able to accurately and comprehensively assess these systems, and this chapter introduces the fundamental knowledge and skills nurses require to do so. This chapter explores the fundamental anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal, urinary and male / female reproductive systems. This chapter also explains the processes involved in collecting a general health history for the gastrointestinal, urinary and male / female reproductive systems, and in performing a physical examination of these systems. This chapter also considers a number of special observation and assessment techniques which may be used in the physical examination of the gastrointestinal, urinary and male / female reproductive systems, and it discusses performing differential diagnosis relevant to these systems.
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