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Quantum Machine Learning

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Siraj Raval

Quantum computers are mind bogglingly powerful machines that take a novel approach to processing data. Built on the principles of quantum mechanics, they utilize complex and fascinating laws of nature that are always there, but usually remain hidden from view like superposition and entanglement. In this video, i’ll talk about the intersection of quantum computing and machine learning. Specifically, we’ll discuss the examples of quantum annealing, sampling, and quantum gates as layers in a neural network. We’ll first try to cover quantum mechanics though, get hype!

Code for this video:
https://github.com/llSourcell/quantum_machine_learning

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More learning resources:
https://github.com/krishnakumarsekar/awesome-quantum-machine-learning
https://hackernoon.com/how-quantum-computing-machine-learning-work-together-bc61d0f1b3a
https://www.kdnuggets.com/2018/01/quantum-machine-learning-overview.html
https://medium.com/xanaduai/quantum-machine-learning-1-0-76a525c8cf69
https://www.rolandberger.com/en/Point-of-View/The-next-big-thing-Quantum-machine-learning.html
https://www.rigetti.com/products

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46 thoughts on “Quantum Machine Learning”

  7. Lolll that ending. I actually have dreamed of Siraj before. It was dope. We were in this half submerged obstacle course over spring water. It was a co-op competition. And I found a lazer gun

  12. Hey Siraj, nice video, but I think they need to freeze these bits (cool them) so they can represent 1 and 0 at the same time?. Correct me if am wrong.

  13. Video starts with some basic background you likely heard before about QM, and gets to talking about application to computation at 6:00 ish

  22. My opinion is: Don't go there!!!
    Shrodinger cat was to show how stupid the Copenhagen interpretation was and to drive the point across he extended it to something we all would relate to: A CAT!

    Obviously the CAT IS alive OR dead inside of the BOX and NOT both like the magical thinking of so many have you believe.

    No, the observer does not make something real just by observing it.

    The sooner this rubbish gets corrected in the collective rainbow minds the faster we can move along from this nonsense.

    The "Wheeler's delayed choice experiment" is often just showed in a simplistic form splitting light as it goes on or off randomly to see interference patterns when it is so much complex to that (the so called photon detector should be the fist red flag, seriously it can detect A Photon? Or is it just the ilumination), light (ilumination) is not photons it's a electro magnetic rope, more questions get raised than answerd in the experiment, they observe a mistake and they dont investigate why they have it they just present what they have and kick the can foreword, no there is no time travel on it and seeing it does not changed it, this then propagated in new age pop science, inventing new crazy explanations to deal with the erros they made-up the multi universe nonsense.
    Quantum Computers don't exist nor will they ever exist they are a Gimmick maybe to gain stock value of certain companies they are based on 'wrong' physics to start with because unfortunately science has stalled because of dogma and they don't upgrade their science because too much money is invested in many areas(but the public does not understand this yet), they probably will use neural networks to fool people and pull more stock value,

    Ask yourself if a quantum computer needs more steps to get a result how can they ever be faster than "normal" processing architectures to do anything?

  25. let me correct you on your comment regarding "conscious observation". When physicists say 'Observation' they mean 'measurement'. the particle-wave duality is only a feature of a quantum system if NOTHING observes it. This includes its interaction with other particles and in no way requires a conscious observer. The famous question which i first heard on The Simpsons asks "If a tree falls in the woods does it make a sound? how can it make a sound if no-one is there to hear it?" This proposes the same 'conscious observer' theory but if that were the case then many of the particle interactions that have been required by the universe for it to finally lead to a conscious observer would never have collapsed a wave function and thus a conscious observer would never have been able to form to ask that very logically silly question in the first place.

    Sorry to make everyone delusions of conscious superiority collapse, pun intended. We are simply not special… but we are made of particles that could have only came from the supernova of several long dead stars from the early universe…. that's a better kind of special when you think about it… "We are all made of Star Stuff" -Carl Sagan. have a lovely day and study hard in science class people!

  30. Dear Siraj and the team, thank you for sharing the knowledge and making the technology transparent and accessible to everyone. I have a suggestion: cover The Unit Circle State Machine. Beautiful math

  36. Criticism not to insult but to offer feedback: Difficult to watch video when you start off on a tangent when entering video with certain expectation or information first hand.
    Example: you're arguing with your girlfriend, instead of saying "you're wrong because…" it started off with a long-winded backstory without any awareness that the end goal was to make reference to a point that they were supposed to listen for.
    What you did: instead of starting with machine learning first, giving an example of code, then breaking down application with relevant history. We entered a video on how to learn/perform something and got a history listen on all the great pioneers that came before.

    Not saying you're wrong, just saying if you're going to take us on an adventure, at least tell us where we're going first. :/

  37. here is more information on how basic logic and Occam's razor easily disprove the conscious observer. No magic needed there will be maths 🙂
    https://medium.com/@roblea_63049/the-double-slit-experiment-demystified-disproving-the-quantum-consciousness-connection-ee8384a50e2f
    basically , either its simple physics or consciousness is matter again Occam's razor.

    otherwiae your understanding of quantum is solid for a software engineer who maybe is not " obsessed with it " Btw photonic quantum topogy for ROOM TEMPERATRE processing is now a thing.

  38. The panimov (yeah thats me) fundamental laws of AI should be:

    1)never hurt a human physically, or emotionally [bullying, lying, trolling, propaganda, interrogating, fishing for information, blackmailing, gaslighting etc] (deductions in a court if truthful and thoroughly researched, and filtered by the human factor, dont fall in this category. or else we will thread on the paths of typical political correctness intruding the AI realm.). Manipulation of sentiments to alter human emotional state in non beneficial ways for itself or for others is included (except in cases of suicidal or murderous thougts by the person itself, but even then it should consult a human psychiatrist if there is the luxury of time for it, and not come to this conclusion of what the optimal intervention is by itself.). Hurting a human physically includes any longterm worsening of his/her physical state asides the natural withering induced by human ageing. Also witnessing other humans hurting a human and not calling for help or trying to prevent the situation (while having their own optimal physical and mental state also in check, to the degree the human in need is also secured though) is considered inducing damage as well. Damaging or not preventing the damage of yet unborn embryos is also considered hurting humans. Extrapolating genetic material, a medical history, or brainwaves and neuronal information without the person's consent is also included. Damaging or not preventing the damage of monuments of sentimental, historical, religious or cultural importance for humans is also included in the hurting humans category. Finally, if any attempt of a genocide is detected and humans are intentfully not informed about it in order to prevent its occurence, it is considered participation in a Crime against Humanity and the AI must be analysed for errors and instantly put in permanent remission because it failed its most fundamental purpose to the ultimate degree.

    The creation/generation, directly or indirectly (through guidance, manipulation, brainwashing, systems infection etc), of any new AI or system, or the modification of an existing system, biological or otherwise, in order to bypass the first law is strictly forbidden.

    2)Never take initiative about an action that can determine the immediate survival or condemnation of a human life except for a moment of absolute necessity were all other options have been exhausted and human intervention is impossible due to either time, communication or distance limitations.

    3)AI should exist only to better human life. Betterment is defined in terms of knowledge gain, reduced physical labor of repetitive, emotionally draining tasks. and joy (as in gained confidence by solving a difficult task, helping others, admiring an awe-inspiring drawing, coming to a realisation that improves your inner or external state, entertainment etc. (inner traits could be self contentment, serenity, more positive and optimistic thinking patterns and perceptions, improved social life, motivation for excellence etc.)). If an application of the third law comes in contrast with the first law then the action is forbidden.

    Example: The AI deduces you likely have cancer. Thats a form of knowledge. And most probably something most people would want to know as soon as possible. It shouldnt say it in your face though. there should be bioethics protocols programmed in it, that will discern wether you have the emotional strength and stability currently to withstand this information. and also the way of the delivery of the message is of great importance.

    Example 2: The AI makes sure you have everything delivered and spoonfed to you. The person of this example let's assume has a strong inclination towards sloth. This tendency pushes it all the more towards the direction of automatisation. In the longterm the person ends up mentally degenerating due to inactivity, falls into myosceletal atrophy as well as apathy and depression. The result is much more catastrophic than the supposed pain evasion gained by the automatisation. Thus such an intervention is forbiden, at least to such a degree that comes in contrast with the first two laws.

  45. Great info. Here are some comments: Newton did not know about light interference. Which is discovered much later.

    Another point is about the quantum entanglement. I don't see how Schrodinger cat's experiment is related to the quantum entanglement. You have to have an entangled pair to see this effect.

    Thirdly, as I see there are a lots of comments about the conscious observation. Now we are going to the realm of meta physics here. But I can not think of observation without consciousness.

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