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Understanding the Uncertainty Principle with Quantum Fourier Series | Space Time



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Sometimes intuitive, large-scale phenomena can give us incredible insights into the extremely unintuitive world of quantum mechanics. Sign up for your free trial of The Great Courses Plus at http://ow.ly/HAvT30beNAj

Today the humble sound wave is going to open the door to really understanding Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, and, ultimately quantum fields and Hawking radiation.

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One of the most difficult ideas to swallow in quantum mechanics is Werner Heisenberg’s famous uncertainty principle. It expresses the fundamental limit on the knowability of our universe. We’ve discussed it in our early videos on quantum mechanics, but it’s time we looked a little deeper. See, the apparent weirdness of the uncertainty principle hints at the even weirder underlying reality that gives rise to it. The universe we experience seems to be constructed of singular particles with well-defined properties. But this intuitive, mechanical reality is emergent from underlying reality in which the particles that form matter arise from of the combination of an infinity of possible properties. And forget matter – the vacuum itself is the sum of infinite possible particles. If we fully unravel this idea we’ll be on the verge of tackling things like Hawking radiation. But as you’ll see today, in that unraveling we are led, unavoidably, to Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.

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45 thoughts on “Understanding the Uncertainty Principle with Quantum Fourier Series | Space Time
  1. The HUP illustrates how the identity of energy and information become conflated in extreme situations. Time stops at the event horizon of a black hole, and photons don't experience the passage of time, because time is never what you think it is, until that time rolls round again. The obvious implication is that 42 is as good as it gets, explaining the failure of modern physics to produce any significant progress in half a century.

  2. The statement about digital audio being represented in the frequency domain isn't true. Simple time domain representations are heavily used (CD audio, WAV files, and the signal paths through studio equipment are like this), and any frequency domain representations used in compression or (re-)synthesis must be windowed (in some slightly generalised sense) to allow for finite latency! Indeed, when translated back into the audio domain, this was the topic of the episode, when translated back into the audio domain.

  3. Quantum mechanics has become so difficult, even mathematicians don't get it. Where is the Einstein to lead us out of this partly Einstein created quagmire?

  4. …nope, I still don't understand how a (hypothetical) particle that is nailed to a specific location in space, and thus is perfectly still, could possibly have any momentum other than zero.

  5. Ok. So If any single measurement cannot know both speed and position at
    the same time, then why not have 2 individuals measure at the same time.
    One measures the speed and the other measures the position-at the same
    time. Problem solved.

  6. I'm not sure about the sound wave analogy here. Sound waves propagate through a medium of particles, and the localized distortion or turbulence of the particles would be visible if time froze, relative to particles that weren't "carrying" the wave. Right?

  7. What if, Alice measured the y direction of particle A at 9am, and Bob measured the x direction of particle B right at the exact same time as Alice, which is also 9am. Of course A and B are entangled. After that, Alice walk to Bob, tells Bob about the result. So, at this moment, Alice and Bob knows the exactly both x and y directions of particle A and B at 9am, so the uncertainty principle broken?

  8. No links to Veritasium or the Benjamin Shoemaker's series (I'm guessing based on his pronunciation of shoemaker, I'm spelling that wrong.)

  9. can someone help me with this math problem? Anyone who does will get a follow, a like, and a bunch of comments. I just can't hold it in anymore.

    (17661.9478 *5.1974632+q/e² ) – 76.4685/t = (Sq/d xr²)/((5.19)^3xn¹n²)-9.547±.000147)+(xyz)*(stfu)ž­‡™

  10. "Uncertainty principle" is an oxymoron. Heisenberg may have identified a lack of principle which implies either that there are natural forces unknown or an inherrent chaos.

  11. After watching this many times and thinking about hup as well as the plank equation I'm not convinced this is an accurate interpretation either. It seems hup is a consequence of describing particles and waves simultaneously as statistical phenomenon. Some information is unknown because the nature of the broad description of statistical representation.

  12. A particle has an exact position, velocity, and energy at a given moment. Its just that we observers cannot know those things using current technology. Our current observation methods impart energy which changes the thing being observed. Why does quantum mechanics equate our inability to measure these things with the fundamental nature of reality? Our ignorance of the full nature of a particle in no way influences the nature of that particle.

  13. Hello, I will copy my question from another video, hoping it might get some responses here.

    Edward Teller, on measurements and observers:
    "A measurement is defined by an irreversible process which does not allow an original state to be reconstructed from the final state".

    Hasn't every particle in existence at one time or another been "measured" in such a sense. When electron's position is measured in its travel from the initial state to its final state, can it ever reverse to be "unmeasured", and if yes under what conditions.

    To be more to the point, if one measures the position of an electron in the atom at one time, and then walk outs of the room, then another person comes in and revisits the same atom. Has the electron's wave function forever been "collapsed" and it no longer exists as a probability cloud in that atom from now on, from when person no. 1 measured it – so that to person no. 2 electron is no longer a probability cloud, a wave function but something else then, a real god-given particle? If to a person no. 2 that electron is still simply a probability cloud, at what point did the electron become "unmeasured"?

    Thanks, whoever, whenever.

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