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What is EXPERIMENTAL AESTHETICS? What does EXPERIMENTAL AESTHETICS mean? EXPERIMENTAL AESTHETICS meaning – EXPERIMENTAL AESTHETICS definition – EXPERIMENTAL AESTHETICS explanation.
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
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Experimental aesthetics is a field of psychology founded by Gustav Theodor Fechner in the 19th century. According to Fechner, aesthetics is an experiential perception which is empirically comprehensible in light of the characteristics of the subject undergoing the experience and those of the object. Experimental aesthetics is thus characterized by a subject-based, inductive approach. It is defined as part of empirical aesthetics, in which causal hypotheses are tested by experiments.
Experimental aesthetics is the second oldest research area in psychology, psychophysics being the only field which is older. In his central work Vorschule der Ästhetik (“Introduction to aesthetics”) Fechner describes his empirical approach extensively and in detail.
Experimental aesthetics is strongly oriented towards the natural sciences. Modern approaches mostly come from the fields of cognitive psychology or neuroscience (neuroaesthetics).
The analysis of individual experience and behavior based on experimental methods is a central part of experimental aesthetics. In particular, the perception of works of art, music, or modern items such websites or other IT products is studied. Data can be examined and analyzed at three levels:
1. Physiological level,
2. Phenomenological level (experience), and
3. Behavioral level.
Here it is difficult to assign an absolute value to the aesthetics of an object. However, one can measure, for example, what percentage of subjects classify an object as beautiful or how many prefer this object to others.
Depending on the approach, a number of different methods are used in experimental aesthetics, such as pairwise comparisons, rank order methods, Likert scales and semantic differentials, production methods, statistical comparisons of groups, reaction time measurements, and also more complex methods such as eye tracking, electroencephalography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging.
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