The Royal Institution
Cancer has been with us since the dawn of time, but it was only in the twentieth century that doctors and scientists made any significant progress in understanding and treating it.
Kat’s book ‘Rebel Cell’ is available now on Amazon: https://geni.us/qGShaa6
Watch the Q&A: https://youtu.be/5bOh40mwR58
Subscribe for regular science videos: http://bit.ly/RiSubscRibe
Kat holds a degree in natural sciences and a PhD in developmental genetics from Cambridge University, and has spent more than 15 years working in science journalism and communication. She’s an award-winning science writer, broadcaster and public speaker. She is the author of ‘How to Code a Human’ (https://geni.us/fiXsmn) and the critically acclaimed ‘Herding Hemingway’s Cats: Understanding how our genes work’ (https://geni.us/regcAd).
—
A very special thank you to our Patreon supporters who help make these videos happen, especially:
Adam Leos, Alan Latteri, Andrew Downing, Andrew McGhee, Andrew Weir, Anonymous, Christina Baum, Dave Ostler, David Crowner, David Lindo, David Schick, Fairleigh McGill, Frances Dunne, Gou Ranon, Greg Nagel, Jan Všetíček, Jeffrey Schweitzer, Joe Godenzi, jonas.app, Kellas Lowery, Lasse T. Stendan, Martin Steed, Matt Townsend, Michelle J. Zamarron, Osian Gwyn Williams, Paul Brown, Paul Philippov, Rebecca Pan, Robert Reinecke, Roger Baker, Roger Shaw, Scott Edwardsen, Stephan Giersche, Tim Karr, and William ‘Billy’ Robillard.
—
The Ri is on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/TheRoyalInstitution
and Twitter: http://twitter.com/ri_science
and Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/royalinstitution
and Tumblr: http://ri-science.tumblr.com/
Our editorial policy: http://www.rigb.org/home/editorial-policy
Subscribe for the latest science videos: http://bit.ly/RiNewsletter
Product links on this page may be affiliate links which means it won’t cost you any extra but we may earn a small commission if you decide to purchase through the link.
Source
Scientists: Die when you should! …. Also scientists: Let's cure cancer and live forever! 😀
She's a fabulous presenter. My eyes didn't glaze over one bit.
Well this is, really cheerful stuff thx Kat.
As someone with a pretty much 100% chance of developing a cancer due to the immunotherapy I have to take I was hoping for something on the more positive front.
Thx 😝
Of course I might well die of something else and not live long enough to get the cancer 🤣
So ultimately resistance is not futile?
Então, na verdade , não é uma doença.
O câncer é uma fase da vida normal,como a redução da visão?
Pelo que ela falou só é uma "coisa" muito ruim porque se sabe que mata.
Muito bem explicado.
She lowers her voice and swallows her words too much at the end of her sentences so it was difficult to hear what she was saying.
Do plants get Cancer ?
Amazing work! You definitely changed my perspective about cancer. Everyone should watch this and read your book. I cannot tell you how many shirts I have with the word "Cure" on them. After watching countless hours of youtube about viruses lately and tons of videos from the RI channel. Words like Cure have a new definition my head now. Thank you RI for literally giving me a way to expand my limited understanding.
I didn't even know that I did not know.
Now though, I know that I do not know.
IDK what the verb form of extinct is either. We Extincted the Heath Hen. Or maybe Extoonk?!?!? Lol.
A lot of work and research still needs to be done, my son had chemotherapy and immunotherapy and nothing worked to stop the colon cancer spread, he was only 18 years old.
34:09 Was that a neg?? 😂
Our genomes are in a constant war, funny how ecological fitting fits with the tiny genomes
Do more talks on evolution!!
Nice job, Kat, and some very innovative approaches, thx. Probably comes under chronic 'inflammation', but as a cancer survivor IMHO the role of 'stress' in our lives is also a key component, both in the cause and the cure.
Wow!
Cancer cells are the ultimate hackers
I m imagining evolution is son of bicth that stop looking for us after the age we suppose to be bread alredy like: well you should have been spread your seeds by now so why im keeping looking for you , good luck.
Nice
51:13 – That drug is so effective it even gave the wall behind him a nicer colour.
Eczema on the hands is just awful lemme tell you. They do look like buttplugs.
i have medical background. i'm more interested in the question why naturally speaking, all the species (except two) have cancers. is there any evolutionary advantage to having highly productive cells that do not have reproductive limit? however, the presenter seemed to have skipped such interesting points to me.
Very interesting
does every mutation end with cancer?
I thought only mutations preventing apoptosis and uncontrolled cell division causes it
best speech i have ever heard , i am gonna order the book ASAP!!!
In our country there are lot of fake spiritual healers and alternative therapists who are actually wasting time of people with curable cancer. They haven't seen a healthy cell in a microscope
They don't even know whether cancer has a gene , how we will educate them?.
So then eating poop is bad?
– Don't take more than you need
– Stick to your role
– Clean after yourself
– Don't reproduce excessively
– Die when you should
Humanity, as a part of the global society of life on this planet, is in violation of every single rule on this list.
"WE ARE LIVING IN A SOCIETY!"
The irony if the guy blasting the sponges gets cancer and not the sponges.
This is a good discussion, and it carries on earlier writing, for example, that of Lynn Margulis. I believe Margulis specifically spoke of cancer as violating the contract of multicellularity in her study of the evolution of multicellularity. Not to say this detracts from Arney's presentation — there are few new ideas under the sun. After all, Aristotle discussed at length the same tension between the individual and the whole, and much Greek tragedy was based on the same.
Another angle of thinking of this is that a good half of our existence has been as single celled organisms — evolving a workable contract for multicellularity must not have been easy.
My little boy is currently being treated for leukemia in the UK. Kat is exactly right, he is being given lots of different chemotherapy at different timings and although it is very long term treatment plan (3.5 years) I am pleased to say that they can't detect any cancer cells anymore. I also studied ecology at uni and find it surreal that extinction processes can be likened to treating cancer. Fascinating talk.
'kn orsm !
Thank you😊
At 42:00 a histogram is displayed. It is implied that the probability of being diagnosed with cancer decreases after a certain age. Different ages for males and females. If I am reading it correctly, the peaks for the average number of new cases per year are 24,000 for females between 65 to 69 yo, and 32,000 for males between 70 to 74 yo. These numbers must be related to the population size. But is it the population in total or the population within that age range. If it is the later then the reduction in cases as age increases is due to the reduced number in the population in those age groups. No surprise here.
But what is the incident rate per 100,000? The curves for male and female peak in the age group 85 to 89 yo.
But again is the 100,000 within the age group or within the total population?
The histogram title says incident rate per 100,000 population, but that doesn't answer the last question.
And what magical thing happens at 90yo to reduce the rate of cancer? Is it death by other means, which would take individuals out of the sample space before cancer can be diagnosed and counted in the rate?
This may be a meaningful data display for medical cognoscenti, but for the lay person it is not clear.
Sorry to be picky but some of the terminology this expert uses is sloppy. Just after 54:00 she describes the cells in a tumor as "evolving". Darwin would be turning in his grave. These cells are not evolving, their DNA is mutating. If the experts mangle the terminology what hope do they have of educating the lay person. The man in the street is confused and even ignorant of the the process of evolution and reinterpreting these terms does not help. Evolution describes the changes in a species over time. Mutation describes the chromosomal changes with an individual cell. Cancer cells are not a species.
People who understand biology and chemistry understand your meaning, spare a thought for those just learning about this complicated subject.
If the growth of a tumor is evolutionary, what is the species which is evolving?
The tumor is not a species, it is a group of cells in which the mutations are not being corrected by the usual control mechanism. It is a breakdown of the cells self regulatory mechanism. Once a cell has mutated and the mutation has broken the control mechanism it is not surprising that more mutations occur and replicating in an uncontrollable fashion may be a consequence. This is not evolution. There are no offspring from the tumor. It is random mutations breaking one or more of the 5 rules of society previously outlined. These are good rules by the way. Mutation not evolution.
How are you going to drive a cancer to extinction if the cells in the society of the body are randomly mutating?
Earlier in the talk you described how all the cells in a body/society were accumulating mutations as we age. Presumably these mutations are of many types, differing from cell to cell.
A better strategy might be to support the self repair mechanism in a cell. This mechanism is poorly understood, but if were fixed then random mutations would not have the opportunity to replicate.
Also given humans have about 20,000 genes and these genes cooperated in various groups to effect the development and function of the whole body, and these cooperative groups are little understood, that might be a better place to start.
We are a long way from understanding all the subtleties of our genome.
But tutors don't evolve they mutate and replicate rapidly.
Heath hens (and any other species) and a tumor are different things. The heath hens have a large degree of commonality in their genomes. Tumor cells, by your own description, have greater differences between their genomes.
The process of evolution does have something to offer in the control of cancer cells, but describing the growth of a tumor as evolution is misleading. Rampant mutation is a better description.
38:00
42:00
Incredible presentation, I was fixed on the topic from the start, never realized that there are so many variations to solving this puzzle in regards to cancer. The analogy of farmers' pest control methodsas an approach to applying towards cancer control is revolutionary. Thank you for this insight.
Cancer comes from the environment and sadly toxic food. Pay close attention your body literally rejects food that's toxic. Don't we all love junk food cause it taste good
I use to eat food that messed with my stomach and I started learning about probiotics and the gut. Detoxing your body from food that gives u a stomach ache is important. Probiotics will save u
Thank you so much Kat. Fascinating subject and so well presented. I have it on my YouTube channel playlist and have shared it with thousands of my patients.
Thankyou. I’ve been trying to explain this cancer business to fools and idiots for so long. Always was, always will be, hey?
The most interesting thing to me in this talk was about us being a patchwork of mutated cells. Good to know.
Special thanks to God almighty for using Dr Osuma on YouTube channel to clear my doubts and bringing me back to my normal healthy life again,Cancer is a deadly disease which I have never thought of getting cured from ,and I'm so excited to share with everyone this great testimony about the perfect work of Dr osuma in my life and with the help of his natural herbs to fight against cancer.
Thank so much Dr osuma ,You can reach out to him on YouTube by searching Dr Osuma
16:53
Don't say that they are single celled amoeba
Amoeba is a amoeboid protozoan(different class) and slime mould is a different class of phylum protozoa
את החשיבה הזאת יש ליישם גם בהתמודדות עם נגיף הקורונה.
Excellent thankyou