Art Theory

Dialectic of Enlightenment: The Culture Industry – Part II



Then & Now

In this video I look at the second part of Adorno and Horkheimer’s Dialectic of Enlightenment on the Culture Industry.

They write, ‘culture today is infecting everything with sameness. Film, radio, and magazines forms a system. Each branch of culture is unanimous within itself and all are unanimous together. Even the aesthetic manifestations of political opposites proclaim the same inflexible rhythm. The decorative administrative and exhibition buildings of industry differ little between authoritarian and other countries.’

For all of the Critical Theorists of the Frankfurt School, the individual lives in a world dominated by highly concentrated capital. The critique has more flexibility that orthodox Marxism, but the emphasis is the same: the drugs that save our lives, the manufacturing plants that build our products, the routine of the worker and the consumer, are dominated by the profit motive and the power of capital.

The culture industry is no exception:
‘All mass culture under monopoly is identical.’

They say that the defenders of the culture industry argue that they are driven by the demand of their customers: They demand cheap, reproducible products that can be accessed easily and everywhere.
The effect though is mass standardization: ‘Something is provided tor everyone so that no one can escape; differences are hammered home and propagated.’

They argue that the culture industry supports the tiring workday. Rather than think about their positions at the end of day, its much easier to switch off. To consume the same libidinal routines of enjoyment without considering the possibility of difficult change.
To be creative, to read something new, to follow a new plot, to take the time to enjoy completely new music is laborious.

The culture industry organizes free time in the same way capital organises work time. Everything is defined you without room for individual creativity and difference.

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Sources:

James Bradley, ‘Frankfurt views’, Radical Philosophy, vol. 13 (Spring 1975), pp. 39–40.

David Held, Introduction to Critical Theory

Simon Jarvis, Adorno: A Critical Introduction

Adorno and Horkheimer, Dialectic of Enlightenment

James Schmidt, Language, Mythology and Enlightenment: Historical Notes on Horkheimer and Adorno’s Dialectic of Enlightenment

Credits:

Adorno and Horkheimer Photo –

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/AdornoHorkheimerHabermasbyJeremyJShapiro2.png

Jjshapiro at English Wikipedia [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)]

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24 thoughts on “Dialectic of Enlightenment: The Culture Industry – Part II
  1. 15:59 culture industry illness “Now personality means hardly more than dazzling white teeth and freedom from body odor and emotions—that is the triumph of advertising in the culture industry. The compulsive imitation by consumers of cultural commodities which at the same time they recognize as false.”

  2. Lots of truth here regarding the imprint of uniformity upon culture via mass production and advertising. At the same time, however, no one is holding a gun to the consumer's head. So the lament ought to be placed more toward why the consumer is so cheaply bought. This is a spiritual matter, not an economic system matter.

  3. This book can easily be considered as the Bible of critique of bourgeois ideology, watching both parts of the video helps with understanding the text once you start reading the book. Amazing job with breaking it down and the book is a must-read.

  4. This explains why Marilyn Monroe and Kurt Cobain were such tragic figures…I think. Cobain's lyrics and music and whole self representation seems to express an artist who felt an overwhelming pressure to a be a consumer object while acknowledging he was also a consumer and an artist…

  5. Is this video a part of the culture industry? It is certainly style-conscious and somewhat hip, with its visual imagery and use of music. It's also part of the Critical Theory Industry, with its many hipster automaton followers.

    What I get from "critical theory" is an endless supply of gross and snobby generalisations about the society and culture in which these Marxists lived. They seem to turn their noses up at everything and everything outside their leftwing tribe. Take the Marxist notion of "false consciousness"; which inhabits all this. It's the most arrogant and smug notion ever to come out of theory or philosophy. That is, anyone who lives or thinks differently to the critical theorist or Marxist is – by definition – a victim of false consciousness. Cultural theorists saw and see themselves as a priest-class which enunciates gross poetic generalisations, all of which fall to pieces once analysed for more than a millisecond. In the video itself we have a long list of poetic generalisations which sound sexy on first hearing (good for first-year-student t-shirts), but soon show themselves to be the pretentious and oracular fantasies of an elitist. Yes, a Marxist elitist – usually someone of the upper-middle-class who's spent his entire adult life in academia…. Adorno, for example, was just an obvious and unadulterated snob.

    What do these theorists have to offer us in the place of the "culture industry"? Just dreary agitprop? A dull, pious and politically righteous existence of pure theory-intoxication in which the world is made in the image of Adorno, Hockenheimer, etc? Even all the great artists that these theorists patronised, experimental and conventional, existed in total ignorance of their theorising. .

    Cultural theorists outside of academia are like fish out of water.

  6. Everyone is praising this video saying that it is great, but for me…it's terrifying (both parts). This endless cycle of enlightenment thinking, is there even an out?

  7. In other words, to be an individual, rebel against the dominant "sameness," which suppresses your creativity? What's new about this message? every child that grows up in a family in one way or other rebels. An adult is a child that learns how to negotiate with authority to become an authority without having to go to war over the matter. This is why we have the US constitution of law, It is not to be overthrown simply because we do not like the culture we think it might produce. Are they advocating the "robotic sameness" enforced by those who believe in the tenets of Marxist – kabbalistic theosophy?

  8. Neither Theodore or Max ever worked an honest day in their entire fucking lives Im sure. This idleness gave rise to their ideas of their own mental superiority Im sure. While everyone else was providing them with their sustenance, they were busy with their own self adulation. Fuckin pricks. I wish they had stayed in Germany.

  9. Got a link to Part 1? I couldn't find it – there are too many videos to be able to search easily, which isn't a criticism, just, could do with the link in the description.

  10. I love your videos, but sometimes I could not hear you because of the high background music volume. I hope you lower it next time so that we hear you very clearly. Thank you very much for your hard work, keep it up!

  11. Man, the feeling of learning and identification with the video its just too much

    Not that we are the same from DoE, but it's a pretty solid critique of our society standarts

    thank you for breaking this hard book into comprehensible and powerful narration and imagenery

  12. Wait..weren't dem cultural marxists undermining our culture through gender politics and destruction of core institutions with mass media? Weren't they the ones trying to impose the norm and universality of SJW set values?

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