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Futures Studies, Foresight, Futurism, Futurology, Futures Thinking…What Name???



Futures & Foresight by Alex Fergnani

This video demystifies the many terms used and misused to refer to the discipline of Futures ad Foresight. The video is also available (with more details) in article format: https://medium.com/@alessandro.fergnani/futures-studies-foresight-futurism-futurology-futures-thinking-what-name-3b3863ceab8c

Alex is PhD candidate at NUS Business School (Singapore), head of scenario consulting at Shaping Tomorrow, and Associate Editor at World Futures Review.
Support Alex’s videos: https://www.patreon.com/alexfergnani

REFERENCES:
Sohail Inayatullah’s video on what is Futures Studies: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5vS9iFHppM&t=1s

Definition of Futures Studies by WFSF: https://wfsf.org/about-us/futures-studies

Rene Rohrbeck on Foresight: https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_are_differences_between_futurology_future_study_and_foresight

Futures Literacy definition by UNESCO: https://en.unesco.org/themes/futures-literacy

Institute for the Future’s Futures Thinking specialization on Coursera: https://www.coursera.org/specializations/futures-thinking

Bell, W. (1997). Foundations of Futures Studies. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, Volume 1.
Sardar, Z. (2010). The Namesake: Futures; futures studies; futurology; futuristic; foresight—What’s in a name? Futures, 42(3): 177-184.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S001632870900175X

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19 thoughts on “Futures Studies, Foresight, Futurism, Futurology, Futures Thinking…What Name???
  1. Hi Alex, I just watched this video following your interview with Riel Miller on Futures Literacy. Brilliant stuff!! Just making some observations on these two vids. Based on that interview, what I understand is futures literacy is the capability that enables the use of the methods in futures and foresight. And futures thinking is the cognitive process that is the outcome of the use of the methods (as you mentioned here).
    This distinction is useful because I have the tendency to conflate futures literacy and futures thinking.

    So, simplistically put, would you say futures literacy is the 'ability to use the future' (comes before), futures and foresight is the set of methods to construct alternative futures, and futures thinking is the cognitive outcome of the use of these methods (comes after)? But overtime, they become cyclical and feed into each other? Curious to hear your thoughts…

  2. Interesting exposition and interpretation, Alex. Thanks! More people do seem to say “futures and foresight” these days, though I’m not convinced this mash-up works.

    I'll offer a somewhat cynical alternative to your analysis. "Foresight" is what proponents of "futures studies" pitch to others to try to drum up greater interest in other work/approaches they’re actually seeking to promote and do which, in practice, tend to mostly entail forms of "futurism" and/or "futurology" but these activities sound more legitimate if you make them sound and appear like a formal discipline ("futures studies") and/or a methodologically rigorous activity ("futures research") so we use those terms instead. I'm only half joking!

    As for "futures literacy", having listened to your other video where you discuss this with Riel Miller I'm still fairly clueless as to what it really means and adds. Perhaps the power of the term is that no one want to be illiterate – we know that's a bad thing – so we figure we ought to be/become futures literate (in addition to other literacies we've mastered). However, perhaps that term ought to be abandoned, as it just seems to add to the overall terminological chaos.

  3. Hi Alex. Thanks for this clarification, so badly needed indeed. Even if, like Stef, I can't agree with it all, this is important that you addressed this challenge. In case, you would go further, may I recommend you to read: Masini, Eleonora. Why Futures Studies? London, England: Grey Seal, 1993. An old but still must-read book.
    Concerning your list of words I would like to see included "prospective" as this French word has been (and is still) widely used, esp. in French-speaking Africa and MENA, as well as in Latin America (prospectiva), and its concept stands between FS and foresight (maybe because it dates from the 50s). "Prognosis" is also re-emerging these days, interesting enough to wonder why.

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