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Game theory can explain humanity’s biggest problem | Steven Pinker



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Harvard professor Steven Pinker explains that everyone suffers from this rationality error.

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Cognitive psychologist Steven Pinker argues that while the Enlightenment ideals of using knowledge to enhance human well-being are not inherently natural to us, they are vital for societal progress. 

But one obstacle standing in front of greater progress centers on game theory, particularly situations involving the tragedy of the commons. The tragedy of the commons describes a predicament in which individuals independently pursue their own interests, leading to the overexploitation and eventual depletion of a shared resource, ultimately harming everyone’s well-being.

According to Pinker, one example of a tragedy of the commons lies within what we choose to believe in public. An individual might be incentivized to believe in something because it will make them look good to people in their circle. But if enough people behave in this way, the likely consequence is that fewer people will be incentivized to earnestly search for truth. 

Still, Pinker maintains a hopeful outlook. He cites advancements in science and morality as evidence of progress, and he argues that humanistic values hold an inherent advantage, as they appeal to universal human desires and shared experiences.

0:00 Knowledge: It’s unnatural
1:17 Game theory’s ‘tragedy of the commons’
1:59 The rationality commons
2:55 Is there hope for civilization?

Read the video transcript ► https://bigthink.com/series/great-question/game-theory-378914/?utm_source=YouTube&utm_medium=description

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About Steven Pinker:
Steven Pinker is an experimental psychologist who conducts research in visual cognition, psycholinguistics, and social relations. He grew up in Montreal and earned his BA from McGill and his PhD from Harvard. Currently Johnstone Professor of Psychology at Harvard, he has also taught at Stanford and MIT. He has won numerous prizes for his research, his teaching, and his nine books, including The Language Instinct, How the Mind Works, The Blank Slate, The Better Angels of Our Nature, The Sense of Style, and Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress.

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27 thoughts on “Game theory can explain humanity’s biggest problem | Steven Pinker
  1. Mr. Pinker is wrong. The conclusion of game theory is that everyone will destroy world because of everyone's sin. The author of game theory confirms that the reason why everyone destroy world is everyone's rationality. Therefore, game theory shows us to confess our sin and repent to God, obey Ten Commandments and just war theory of Augustine. God blesses people in America.

  2. I don‘t see that people would rather be educated than ignorant. Not when it threatens their views and the views of their group. Then they rather stay ignorant.

  3. A number of developments that Prof. Pinker sees as progress are dubious. While some vaccines have saved lives, the Covid vaccine has been highly ineffective and has damaged a wide segment of people's bodies such as myself who suffered either a heart attack or myocarditis after taking the shot. I have had a relapse into Chronic Fatigue. On top of these negative side effects from the "vaccine," which is not a vaccine, I contracted Covid.

    Second, lowering the cost of engaging in homosexual acts and relationships has been harmful to individuals and to society. More homosexual acts has led to AIDS and other STD's that have cost tens of millions of people their lives. Homosexual men are much more likely to spread STD's than heterosexual men. Lesbians suffer much higher rates of domestic violence than do heterosexual married couples-who have the lowest rate of domestic violence. Homosexuals of both sexes are much more prone to suffering from depression and anxiety. Then we have the societal effects that harm us all. Fewer people are getting married and forming families in part due to alternatives to traditional marriage. When a critical mass is reached of people having sex outside of marriage, the society collapses. See Oxford University anthropologist J.D. Unwin's Sex & Culture where he documents this effect throughout history in his study of failed tribes and civilizations.

    Third, Civil Rights laws have had some positive effects, but also very negative ones. We have to first remember that blacks were advancing economically prior to the enactment of Civil Rights laws. Besides those advances, black families were much more intact as were black communities prior to Civil Rights laws and Open Housing laws that facilitated the more educated and accomplished blacks leaving their communities with devastating social effects on their own people. Many blacks benefitted from these imposed structures that circumscribed their behavior. Some did not, but many did. Also, with the increased diversity due to Civil Rights laws coupled with the increase of non-European immigration, social trust and a sense of community has cratered in the U.S. There are over eighty academic studies that find this to be the case.

    Fourth, women in the workforce and voting has also been costly. With women in the workforce full time in greater numbers, women's happiness has been greatly diminished. Since 1973, happiness in the U.S.has fallen for most people but the most precipitous drop in happiness, as reported each year in surveys by economists by the individuals themselves, has been among women. UVA sociologists Brad Wilcox and Steven Nock found in a 2006 study that married women, including feminists, are less happy in egalitarian marriages than in traditional marriages where the wife stays home and focuses on being a support for her husband and raising their children. This is so as long as the husband is emotionally engaged with his wife and earns at least 68% of the family income. The damage done by easy divorce has been extensive and long-lasting to both children and husbands with the vast majority of divorces filed by women with no reasonable basis for divorce-no adultery, no physical abuse or any other severe problem. When couples in such situations have been slowed in their divorce proceedings, the vast majority reconcile and are happily married a year or two later as they learn to accommodate themselves to the reality of their marriage partner. A wife with an independent income facilitates these divorces. Also, the political divisions in the nation are to a large degree based in the male/female divide on political issues.

    Things are not getting more rational or improving. We are in a horrendous decline that will lead to a repeat of the Fall of Rome unless these tides are turned.

  4. Race, and religion, and ethnicity, and nationality are definitely not the reasons why humans are distant from each other. I suppose the real reason is differences in our beliefs, traditions, and culture in general. I just hope that despite loads of information in today's world, we will find the way to stay connected — it's the only way I could imagine that makes us human

  5. Hahaha, I see what you’ve done there guys. Don’t question science or you’re a Luddite. Give your money and freedoms without question is saving the planet, while laying down while you’re over run by the world is virtuous and locking people up and forcing an experimental drug on them shouldn’t be scrutinized.

  6. Interesting.
    In this Dr Pinker example it is important to realise he is talking mostly about Human relationships.

    This is where Democracy often gets it wrong.
    Which is one of the big reasons the amount of Debate and Quality of debate has been High in the last few decades.
    Democracy is not about attempting to agree with everyone's opinion or giving everyone a turn at deciding something.
    Democracy is about sound governance of the group or Nation.
    Therefore it's wrong for Democracy to act on something purely to agree with someone or some group.

    Democracy must pursue a Great Nation.
    The rest will fall into place.

  7. „We share common values. You‘d rather be alive then dead“ … there are plenty of people willing to die for their cause … So: He ignores the cultural model & findings of Geert Hofstede, where there are at the center the “core believes“ that shape your perception and around that values which shape what you aim for. They are vastly different between cultures. If you cannot agree about what is currently true (due to different core believes) and also cannot agree what the future should look like (due to different values), nothing of what he is saying is applicable.

  8. The problem is that enlightenment rationalist materialism produces social and economic consequences that run counter to enlightenment humanism. If enlightenment values and methods really worked, we wouldn't be backsliding. We need a more radical shift to really move forward. It's not about more reason, it's about more empathy.

  9. Quoting Robert McNamara, with nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction, rationality will not save us. Both sides will act righteous to their cause and villify the other side.

  10. Thanks for this great summary! It really shows how knowledge and rational thinking can improve human well-being, even though history proves it’s not always easy. I found the ideas about game theory and the tragedy of the commons super interesting — it’s wild how our individual choices can affect everyone. 🤔 Despite the challenges, it’s inspiring to see progress in human rights and shared values like health and education. This video reminds me how important enlightened humanism is for our future. Thanks again!

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