Language

[Introduction to Linguistics] Word Order, Grammaticality, Word Classes



TheTrevTutor

In this video we look at word order in languages, grammaticality, prescriptive and descriptive grammar, as well as go over functional categories and lexical categories.

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32 thoughts on “[Introduction to Linguistics] Word Order, Grammaticality, Word Classes
  1. Can you make some videos on morphology in depth please ? Not introduction to morphology but thoroughly detailed explanation. thanks for the incredible efforts you make to help others. ☺

  2. Your explanations are clear and easily understood so thank you very much for the hard work you put into it !

  3. It seems that all the word orders are possible in Sinhalese.

    Look the example "James threw the ball" (I am not using the Sinhalese script here):

    James visi kalaa bolaya – SVO
    James bolaya visi kalaa – SOV
    visi kalaa James bolaya – VSO
    visi kalaa bolaya James – VOS
    bolaya James visi kalaa – OSV
    bolaya visi kalaa James – OVS

    All these forms are valid. But I think SOV is more common in written Sinhalese.

    I think this is a wonderful feature but in some rare situations where the nominative of both the subject and object does not inflect in the case that the object is in, this this can result in ambiguous understandings and maybe that's why SOV is more commonly used in writing.

    i.e. : "bolaya" (the ball) in the example is in accusative case but it's the same word in both nominative and accusative cases.
    So, we can't determine whether it's the subject or the object.

    But, "James" is in nominative case. (It changes in other cases like "Jameswa" in accustive, "Jamesta" in dative etc.)
    So, we know James is the subject here.

    Please let me know if you know other languages like this!

  4. I'm studying for a Bachelor's degree on Secondary Education Major in English, and your videos are very helpful so far. Thank you for being a god sent. Now am off to finish the whole series lol

  5. 00:30 Umm…. "Long lived the king" :q
    06:06 The problem with this approach, especially in English, is that the same word can belong to multiple categories at the same time, and switch the category depending on the grammatical context. For example: in "Drink the milk", "drink" is a verb, and "milk" is a noun. But in "Milk the cow", "milk" is a verb (to milk), and "cow" is a noun. And in "Give me a drink", the word "drink" is no longer a verb – now it is a noun :q So it seems that the lexical category of a word may depend on the granmmatical context, and it's really that grammatical context that classifies a word to a certain category. However, it's not that simple again, because one cannot use any word whatsoever in any position in a sentence. There seem to be some inherent rules in words that tell whether a word can be used as a noun, or as a verb, or as an adjective etc. and sometimes those rules cannot be bent. The problem is, I haven't seen any linguist so far who would figure it out. Most of them go no further than stating that "A noun is a word that can be used as a subject". Sure, that works, but it doesn't tell much WHY does it work for some words, and doesn't work for other.
    06:45 But I can say "his quick dog" 😉 Abd before you say "But it refers to the noun 'dog' in there" – well, then how about "the quick"? As in "The quick outpaced the fast" 🙂 (substantive adjective)
    07:40 Aren't determiners classified as a type of adjectives?

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