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Relativity: how people get time dilation wrong

Fermilab



Fermilab

Einstein’s special theory of relativity is notorious for being easy to misuse, with the result that sometimes result in claims of paradoxes. When one digs more carefully into the theory, you find that no such paradoxes actually exist. In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln describes a commonly claimed time dilation paradox and shows how to resolve it.

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45 thoughts on “Relativity: how people get time dilation wrong”

  1. According to relativity theory time would stop at light speed T=0 now ask this Mr. smart so imagine (A photon of light itself traversing through space) from the moon reaches the earth in zero time also from Sun reaches the Earth in zero time also the photon produced 15 billion years ago reaches Earth in zero time so from the photon point of view in zero time photon could reach anywhere in the infinite space. That is plain stupid believe it or not. The science gives you the math for it as proof the same way religion sells garbage as fact from God I ask Science to give me a valid physical reason (force) that effects and manipulate the movement of my clock to run slower if I am going in a constant speed of 300,000 Km/s in space.

  3. Why is it that I keep seeing people that talk about their age (usually like 60-80 years old) and say that they can still understand advance physics (Quantum Mechanics and relativity) and the only thing stopping them is they are too old and they dont have experiences

  4. SR is the most proven theory of all time. I believe it is correct. However the paradoxes show some kind of problem exists. This is a clear demonstration that SR is not yet understood. The math describes one aspect of SR. I believe that when SR is truly understood, the standard model will collapse. Why? Get a model that represents the two postulates and you will see. What, you don't have one. Well, I do.

  7. Time dilation is pure bullshit. How can I say that?

    Mechanical clocks are similar to wheels. Wheels are similar to planetary orbits. They are all matter going in circles. And then we have the trolley paradox, which is evidence that every full revolution is agreed upon by all observers regardless of reference frame:

    https://oda.oslomet.no/bitstream/handle/10642/4641/Trolley%2Bparadox.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    If everyone agrees on a full revolution, everyone agrees on a year, a day, an hour and a minute. These things are not altered in any way. So our units of time don't slow down, and our clocks keep ticking at the same rate for everyone. So what exactly is it that dilates in the theory of relativity?

  9. Hello Richard,
    E1 is nose 1 passing nose 2 passing center 3

    E2 is nose 1 passing tail 1

    E3 is center 1 passing center 2 passing center 3

    E4 is nose 2 passing tail 2

    E5 is tail 1 passing tail 2 passing center 3

  10. So how does Relativity effect (affect?) the collapse of a star forming a Black Hole. Does time slow down, to an outside observer, and come to a stop as it approaches the formation of an Event Horizon?

  11. time does not really slow down relative motion. it actually speed up relative motion because of a displacement current created from the distortion in the fabric created by a body generating time dilation between itself an normal space and is the very key to faster than light travel. time act like a fluid of space. it create rivers of flow just like a liquid and anything in it will be moved along the time displacement current. then you create a time dilation distortion of the fabric its like creating a hole in spacetime and spacetime want to flow into the hole like a liquid in a pool. by creating the hole away from the object you can ride the time displacement current of the fabric just like a boat being moved by the current in a river. by constantly changing the position you create the spacetime distortion the fabric will move you along like a boat in a river until you stop generating distortion and the river disolves as the potential difference in the fabric cancel out.

  13. Two spacecraft pointed in opposite directions going 1/2c will have relative speed 1c. Two spacecraft pointed directly at each other (light years apart) are traveling directly at each other each at 3/4c. Yet relative speed one spaceship to the other is still capped at 1c. Lorenz-transform your way out of that.

  14. Thanks a lot Dr. Don Lincoln. I am truly a fan of yours and I always admire your videos. May I introduce to you an experiment that I designed to examine time dilation effects deduced from special relativity and hopefullly I can have your valueable comments on this experiment(DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4618575
    ). This experiment is similar to but different from the famous “twin paradox” because this experiment doesn’t involve any accelerating process, or decelerating process, or change of travelling directions during the experiment process.

    The experiment involves three spacecrafts. Before the experiment, spacecraft 1 and spacecraft 2 start from the same location when the clocks on them are synchronized. They travel in opposite directions with same speeds to the same distance several light years away and stop there. So spacecraft 1 and spacecraft 2 are several light years apart and stay static to each other. According to theory of relativity, the clocks on the two spacecrafts are always synchronized during the process.

    Then, the experiment starts: spacecraft 3 travels in uniform linear motion (with constant velocity) relative to spacecraft 1 and spacecraft 2 and will pass by spacecraft 2 first and then pass by spacecraft 1. When spacecraft 3 passes by spacecraft 2, the clock on spacecraft 3 is set to be synchronized with clock on spacecraft 2. When spacecraft 3 passes by spacecraft 1, we compare the clock readings on spacecraft 3 and on spacecraft 1.

    Based on time dilation deduced from special relativity, according to spacecraft 1 and spacecraft 2, spacecraft 3 is moving, and spacecraft 1 and spacecraft 2 are static, so the clock on spacecraft 3 is slower. Thus, when spacecraft 3 passes by spacecraft 1, the clock reading on spacecraft 1 will be bigger than the clock reading on spacecraft 3. But, according to spacecraft 3, spacecraft 1 and spacecraft 2 are moving, and spacecraft 3 is static, so the clock on spacecraft 1 is slower. Thus, when when spacecraft 3 passes by spacecraft 1, the clock reading on spacecraft 1 will be smaller than the clock reading on spacecraft 3.

    Therefore, self-contradictory results of the experiment are deduced by using special relativity. Thus it can be concluded that the time dilation effect deduced from theory of relativity (special relativity) is incorrect. Hence, special relativity should also be incorrect?

    Detailed article can be found at website: https://zenodo.org/record/4618575#.YGV77zOgyXM
    Many thanks for your kind attention and precious time.
    BR
    wang

  16. So, here how I understand things: The faster you move towards an object, the quicker the object will seem to fast forward into the future. Imagine a planet 1 million lightyears away, and you travel towards it 1 million times the speed of light (i.e. w/ warp drive). I'd imagine you'd see 1 million years (plus 1 year, due to the journey's duration) of planetary evolution in the course of 1 year. And if you travel away from the planet at the same speed, you'd see the planet's rewind 1 million years back in time (minus 1 year). So "seeing the past" is possible because the light hitting you from the object is older, the further away you are. But you can never physically enter the planet's past.

  17. All very good but ,time can loop back around and reset peoples memories and man-made matter and biological matter and events involving many people. Let me explain one example which I have been part of .about 2 years ago strong winds snapped a massive tree branch off a large tree ,it fell I to the road and blocked it.along came some council workers with chainsaws cut it up and other branch's on the tree .cleaned up and took the logs away . I walked the dog.past this tree and it clicked , the massive tree branch is back ,no sign of any clean chainsaw marks .I was shocked .so I read about quatum physics and time doesn't care which way it travels .humans still age but this earth can reset things ,pockets of time can reset or loop back to as they where previously..no shit .or it could be the whole planet is going through a time loop.,I don't know that for sure but have witnessed hundreds of things in my life which go back in time ,natraul vortex of time is a thing .

  18. Now make the overall observation symmetrical rather than asymmetrical. Place a 3rd reference frame between to 2 you currently have or create a triplet who moves in exactly the opposite way to the moving twin.

    Which is then the 'slowest' and from which viewpoint? Remember, all viewpoints must agree on the outcomes being the same for it to make sense.

  26. Lets say you have a giant telescope so a person on earth is visible from space. You are in a spaceship orbiting earth at near light speed. You see the person ageing very slow like you see clocks ticking slower if you move near light speed. After some time you decelerate and come back to earth, always looking at the person. Because you moved so fast lets say 10 years have passed on the earth. So while travelling at near light speed the person hasn't really aged but the person has aged 10 years afterall. How is this possible? When can the ageing process be observed?

  30. If you want to REALLY understand Special Relativity, then I suggest you look at the demonstration videos here: https://www.energyfieldtheory.com/demos
    The length contraction comes about due to the different Doppler shifts of the upstream and downstream wave components in the standing waves that make up matter.
    The standing wave nodes automatically get closer together by a factor determined by the Lorentz factor when the waves become Doppler shifted.
    Also, the rate of time automatically slows due to the anisotropy in the speed of light through the moving frame of reference, combined with the Doppler shifted waves.
    You can see this is box 3 of the demonstration video on the webpage (link given above).
    And, the mass (not rest mass as we are talking about objects that are moving fast, not at rest) DOES get larger, as the mass is the equivalent of the energy in the waves that form the standing waves of the particles. The energy of the standing waves is the sum of the upstream and downstream waves (over the contracted length of the object) and it comes out to EXACTLY the rest mass multiplied by the Lorentz factor! Coincidence? I think not… See this paper that proves that the Relativistic mass increase is real and makes perfect sense once you understand what is actually going on to the Electromagnetic waves that make up particles when they move fast: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326647422_Relativistic_Mass_Increase_Explained
    If you can open your mind on this issue and want to learn more about how thing REALLY are, then please explore my other papers here: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Declan-Traill/research

  31. The concept of spacetime does not require Relativity but Relativity requires the concept of spacetime. Trying to conduct it and still keeping space and time separate must fail.
    The term time dilation is rather misleading. Taking a process, e.g. O₁ drinking a cup of coffee within a timespan Δt₁ = Δτ (i.e. proper time), not this process itself is elongated to Δt₂ = γ∙Δτ but it's the very projection to the world line of O₂.

  32. A question about relativity and light. As I understand it the speed of light is constant at approx. 186,000 mile/second. My question is, from the perspective of an observer would not the speed of light appear to change according to the velocity or position in a gravitational field of that observer?

    For example, an observer standing at sea level would observe light moving at 186,000 miles/sec, but an observer on top of a high mountain would observe light travel slightly slower than 186,000m/s because time would move slightly slower for the 1st observer being deeper in the Earth's gravitational well than the observer on the mountain.

    Same with the velocity of the observer. Observer 1 would still observe light traveling at 186,000m/s at sea level, but if that observer were to take off in a space ship to another star system as the speed of that ship increased time would begin to pass slower for the observer than time on Earth. At some point 1 second on Earth would begin to pass relatively faster than 1 second on the ship, and would continue to diverge as the speed of the ship continued to accelerate….. Here's the main point of the question that's been keeping me awake: From the observer on the ship would it not seem that as the ship accelerated the speed of light would also appear to accelerate? Because the speed of light is constant but the time, the point between each tick of the clock, would continue to lengthen.

  33. I didn't understand a fucking word he said. So how is it possible for both people to think the other clock is slower? He started out by saying its a paradox, then his explanation was a paradox

  35. Science is bullshit.
    We are not a clever species,we just think we are.
    We build weapons that can kill millions,but we can’t build cures to save millions.
    X=y xx gamma…….Bullshit.
    Everything is what it is,time dilation is rubbish. Has anyone reading this Experienced it? No we haven’t because it doesn’t exist in are life’s.
    It’s idiots like the guy above who wants to make you think that he stands higher then you.
    When infact,if anything,he’s actually lower down the scale of natural intelligence.

  37. Again, nothing physically happens to the clocks mechanism and matter and they rate of ticking is unaffected. However, the images of they time reading are received by the relative moving external observer with a delay due the finite speed light propagates through space giving the illusion that time on the clock is passing slower (time dilation). An hypothetical man observer moving at the speed of light would perceive no light and images from his immediate environment (only very distant objects and large objects and these shrunk down to flat 2D images) everything will black out and therefore he would not experience any time outside in its environment which know has disappeared and he is alone with absolute darkness surrounding him. However his wrist watch is ticking normally and time is passing the same for him as he would be when stationary. There is no twin paradox when he would come out of light speed he would have aged the exact same time if he would have been stationary. The apparent effect of the twin paradox is only perceived during flight by the stationary observer on Earth receiving the signal with a delay from the remote observer travelling very fast due the finite speed of light. When he comes back to Earth, stationary, both would have exactly aged the same time. With that said clocks on GPS satellites which can be now regarded as the moving very fast observers are relative to the clocks on the Earth are truly counting time faster than the clocks positioned on Earth. This is a case where the apparent effect of SR can have a real outcome since they cycle the Earth in less than 24-hours period and therefore a satellite day is less than an Earth day and thus correction must be constantly applied to the GPS satellite clocks in order to measure correctly the spatial coordinates on Earth. There are some that say that the GPS case has nothing to do with SR and is just an effect caused by the satellite orbiting the Earth but the truth is that the real cause is the finite speed of light which is the cause for the existence of SR.

  40. Let me try n grasp spacetime n share with u.
    Spacetime can't be fitted together as a dimension unless space n time are on the same reference platform. As time is in progress, moving forward every moment, then, space must be same, for spacetime to be. If so, then space is not absolute, as we currently think so. It can be considered absolute only when refered at a given time.
    At zero time, space was also zero. At 1 second after beginning, space was absolute at 300k km across. As energy was the first substance of beginning and is bursting out at 300k km per sec. So, space is growing with time.

    Space is to be taken as the volume of expanse that's engulfed by light or em energy. N this engulfed volume grows by 300km across per second. Such that, the current expanse of space now is 14 b light years across, if the universe is taken to be 14 b yrs old.

    This is not to be taken as same to the expansion of the universe. That is another issue.

    In essence, for every second of time , while appearing stationery, we are moving at light speed.

    Now, this is how time dilation comes about.
    If someone is travelling at the speed of light relative to us, his space is not growing. But ours is. So, his spatial reality is experienced differently to us. His moments are slower than our moments. N the proportion of time dilation is relative to his speed against the speed of light.

    Thus explains, time dilation.

  41. explain this with a practical example. How do clocks know to move slowly. If you go somewhere at the speed of light but come back to the same time, how have you travelled to the future? why should your cells age slower? if you gradually accelerate to lightspeed, will your body even notice it?

  42. Isn't it "just so". Without using mathematics, if we believe in the "Conservation of Momentum", then if the accelerated observer moves, then all the gravitationally linked universe must move in an opposite direction.

    So all the mass of the universe moves in the opposite direction of any movement of its constituent parts?

    So, who's really moving, where is the "stationary observer" and how can mathematics resolve this?

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