Art Theory

The classical orders



Smarthistory

A conversation with Dr. Steven Zucker & Dr. Beth Harris

In classical architecture, the Orders consist of variations of an assembly of parts made up of a column (usually with a base), a capital, and an entablature. These structural units may be repeated and combined to form the elevation of a building and its architectural vocabulary.

There are eight Orders in total: Doric (Greek and Roman versions), Tuscan, Ionic (Greek and Roman), Corinthian (Greek and Roman), and Composite. The simplest is the Tuscan, supposedly derived from the Etruscan-type temple. It has a base and capital and a plain column. The Doric is probably earlier, however, its Greek version having no base, as on the Parthenon. The Ionic Order, with its twin volute capitals, originated in Asia Minor in the mid-6th century B.C.E. The Corinthian Order was an Athenian invention of the 5th century B.C.E. and was later developed by the Romans. The Composite Order is a late Roman combination of elements from the Ionic and Corinthian Orders.

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms, Michael Clarke, Deborah Clarke. © 2012 Oxford University Press. Available at Oxford Art OnlineAncient Greece

. Created by Beth Harris and Steven Zucker.

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48 thoughts on “The classical orders
  1. Did the Ionic Order come after the Doric though? Sometimes the Doric order is considered the earliest order, but there is no evidence to support this. Rather, the Doric and Ionic orders seem to have appeared at around the same time. Originally built from wood, the Ionic originated in eastern Greece and the Doric in the west and mainland".

  2. "Guys, you're gonna love this, it's a cute, funny little story… So a young girl dies, right?"
    Everyone: 😐😅

    lol. I just wasn't expecting that – it made for an awkward chuckle. But this was interesting to learn about! I want to make another awkward joke about "learning that I'm built like a Doric temple, but '~ gradually getting my ionic on~.'" I'm sure the reaction would be similar.

  3. Great video! Does anybody know what the function of the scamillus is? (Unfortunately it wasn’t mentioned in the video, but it is the intention under the hypotrachelion)

  4. Ihren kunstwissenschaftlichen Stil finde ich genial, durch Gespräche und Diskussionen Erkenntnis zu gewinnen. Unglaublich bereichernd und hilfreich beim Lernen zu sehen. Herzlichsten Dank und Gruß. 🙏

  5. I have a history exam tomorrow and I’m here to say this. Architecture sucks and that’s what makes it fun. Cuz when it’s rewarding damn is it rewarding… I’ll let you guys know how my exam goes <3 ty for the video

  6. Ancient Greek architectial systems inspired from Eygptian architectial systems
    Doric order was inspired from Eygptians,Ionic order inspired from Hittit order.That is,These architectial systems are synthesis of ancient civilizations.

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